REGIONS

Kutaisi is a city in the Imereti region of the Republic of Georgia. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, it is the third-most populous city in Georgia after Tbilisi and Batumi. It lies 221 kilometres (137 miles) west of Tbilisi, on the Rioni River, and is the capital of Imereti. Historically one of the major cities of Georgia, it served as the political center of Colchis in the Middle Ages as the capital of the Kingdom of Abkhazia[6] and Kingdom of Georgia and later as the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti.

Kutaisi and its surrounding vicinities offer several attractions. If you want to make the most of your stay in Kutaisi, don’t miss these natural and architectural highlights:

Bagrati Cathedral, considered by many to be one of Georgia’s most impressive and significant examples of cultural heritage and medieval architecture. Its enormous presence can be seen from almost anywhere in Kutaisi. It was built between the 10th and 11th centuries under the rule of Bagrat III, of the famous royal Bagrationi family.

Motsameta Monastery, located along the banks of the Rioni River just 6 kilometers from Kutaisi. Steeped in history, it’s tucked away in pristine foliage during the warmer months.

Gelati Monastery, a grand cathedral with a surrounding complex which used to house the renowned Gelati Academy. It is also the burial site of revered King David Agmashenabeli, also known as “David the Builder”. The monastery is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Prometheus Cave, or Kumistavi Cave, is among the largest karst formations in Georgia. The cave is only a 30 minute drive from Kutaisi and offers visitors amazing walking tours year-round.

Okatse Canyon Park and its pedestrian pathway, which winds along its precipice, is a favorite spot for those seeking respite or an easy hike with marvelous views. Be sure to check out nearby Kinchkha Waterfall.

Sataplia Cave Park features foreboding massive dinosaur footprints amidst botanical seclusion.

Martvili Canyon is located in the adjacent region of Samegrelo, just a couple of hours outside the city. Boat rides on the bright blue waters of the winding canyon are a must. The 7th century Martvili Monastery is located here. The ancient monastery was a pagan site of worship of the pre-Christian era dedicated to the fertility goddess Adgilis Deda.

Nokalakevi Fortress (Kuji Fortress), an imposing castle where the Colchian ruler Kuji once held sway, defending the kingdom from foreign invasion.

Food and Wine in Kutaisi

Imeretian cuisine is widely esteemed as some of the finest in Georgia. Imeretian katchapuri pastry stuffed with Imeruli cheese, sometimes cooked on a skewer, is a symbolic example.

Western and European food can be found near the city centre. The selection includes fast food as well as upscale dining.

As in all metropolitan areas of Georgia, quaint cafes and trendy wine houses are found in Kutaisi.

Your Kutaisi trip would not be complete without trying the following IMERETIAN WINES:

Tsitska is a singular varietal dry white wine produced in the region of Imereti. It is noted for its sorted nose and is best enjoyed with salty cheeses.

Tsolikouri is a singular varietal of light golden hue with a greenish tint. Its nose implies light colored fruits to reveal an acidic, vivacious palate. Its extended finish gives hints of cinnamon.

Krakhuna is another singular white varietal produced extensively in the Kvirila River Valley of Imereti. This dry white wine is reputed to be of extremely high quality but is also quite affordable.

If you would like to experience hospitality in its highest form, then you should plan a visit to Guria. The smallest region of Georgia has a lot to offer, including the wonderfully welcoming Gurian people, majestic nature, historical monuments, delicious food, and the brilliant Krimanchuli yodle that needs to be heard to be believed.

Guria is located in the Colchian Lowlands of the western part of Georgia (Country), where it has a 22-kilometre shoreline on the Black Sea. The interesting blend of coastal lowlands and the surrounding mountainous areas makes for a unique climate, perfect for resorts, relaxing vacations, and hiking.

Guria is most famed for its climatic resorts. In the mountains, Bakhmaro and Gomismta are popular, with Bakhmaro being the more well-developed, but Gomismta having a more rugged charm. Both resorts are open from winter through until spring, with pure mountain air, healing mineral springs, hiking trails, and fresh, untouched snow

The seaside resorts of Guria – Ureki, Shekvetili, and Grigoleti – are especially popular because of their magnetic sand. This is a widespread layer of volcanic sand, carried down from Bakhmaro Mountain to the shores of the Black Sea by the Supsa River. These resorts boast a variety of modern conveniences and attractions to entertain young and old alike.

Guria also has its own little Amazon, the Pichori River, which flows through the untouched nature of the Colchian Lowlands and then joins Lake Paliastomi.

Guria is rich in mineral waters, the most well-known of which is Nabeghlavi. This mineral water is sold in many countries around the world, but at Nabeghlavi Resort you can drink it straight from the source, and as much as you want.

In Guria, as in all of west Georgia, you’ll see a lot of Oda houses – they are made of planks, with long wooden balconies. Because of the humid climate, the house’s foundation is elevated above the ground on poles made of hewn stone. This allows the lower part of the house to breathe.

The locals will tell you that living in an Oda house is a different experience. You will be able to experience this for yourself if you spend even a couple of nights in a family hotel set up in an Oda house.

Old Gurian Oda houses preserve long histories. Nothing beats spending an evening on the wooden balcony of an Oda house and drinking aromatic Gurian chai (“tea”), which is a perfect match for stories told with Gurian humor.

Kalandoba

Kalanda is the Gurians’ favourite holiday. This is the local New Year’s, which takes place on the 14th of January. The main symbol of Kalanda is a chichilaki (a small Christmas tree) made of twigs from a nut tree.The preparations for the holiday start in the morning, and special Gurian cheese and egg pies in the shape of the crescent moon are baked. On the 15th of January each family is visited by mekvle – a person who is supposed to bring happiness to the house.

Gurian cuisine stands out for the diversity of its plant-based dishes. Mkhali, vegetables and meadow plants boiled and seasoned with special spices, is very popular in Guria, as are walnut dishes. Gurian beans with mchadi (cornbread) baked on a ketsi (an iron pot) are very delicious too.

Gurian Chkhaveri, Jani, Skhilatubani and Tsolikouri wines as well as so-called candle vodka with its amazing flavor of honey, are the perfect accompaniment to any Gurian meal.

Finally, the Inimitable Gurian Krimanchuli

Gurian folk song is the main hallmark of the region. Gurians sing everywhere and all the time, young and old, in happiness and in sadness. One leading example of Gurian polyphony is Krimanchuli, which is often compared to skatting or yodeling.

For Gurians, polyphony is much more than just a song. It expresses their character – every voice has its own thing to say, but together they make an amazing harmony.

Samegrelo is a historical – geographical side of western Georgia that covers the territories between the rivers Rioni, Tskhenistskali, Enguri and the Black Sea. Its central city is Zugdidi. The Samegrelo region had a great strategic importance throughout its history, because of this, it became the object of numerous invasions by armies of the Romans, Byzantines, Mongols, Turks, Persians, Russians and others. This region is rich in cultural monuments of different eras and impressive nature, blue lakes and very beautiful canyons.

Samegrelo is located in the central part of western Georgia, between the river Rioni, Enguri, Tskhenistskali and the Black Sea, on the Kolkheti lowland, on the Caucasus Range, partly on the mountain line.

Georgia is very rich in landscapes, marvelous nature or centuries – old cultural monuments, and in this diversity, Samegrelo truly takes an honorable place. Ancient settlements, unique temples, and fortresses tell wonderful stories or myths, and the limit between legend and reality disappears. This side is a true oasis with beautiful valleys, waterfalls, lowlands or alpine lakes and many fascinating caves. Tobavarchkhili, which is tucked into the rocks creates an unforgettable impression for all visitors. Samegrelo also has an endemic species of Kolkheti National Reserve. It is impossible not to be surprised by the multitone rock called Kuakantsalia, because a simple touch is enough to make this rock shake. As you can see, people of different tastes can find their own little paradise in this area. his region is very famous for its Megrelian cuisine. Megrelian food is hot and spicy. We will tell you a short story of why Megrelians love to use plenty of spices, flavors, and walnuts. The major and typical dishes of Megrelian cuisine are: Ghomi, Sulguni, Sulguni plates with Nadughi, Elarji, Gebzhalia, Megrelian Ajika, Kupati, as well as Megrelian Khachapuri, Satsivi, Kharcho, Mchadi, and many more.

Svaneti is a historic province in the northwestern part of Georgia. Running along the Greater Caucasus range, Svaneti is one of the most mountainous regions of Georgia. It is largely inhabited by the Svans, an ethnic subgroup of Georgians. Situated on the southern slopes of the central Caucasus Mountains and surrounded by 3,000–5,000 meter peaks, Svaneti is the highest inhabited area in the Caucasus. Four of the 10 highest peaks of the Caucasus are located in the region. The highest mountain in Georgia, Mount Shkhara at 5,201 meters (17,059 feet), is located in the province. Prominent peaks include Tetnuldi (4,974 m / 16,319 ft), Shota Rustaveli (4,960 m / 16,273 ft), Mount Ushba (4,710 m / 15,453 ft), Ailama (4,525 m / 14,842 ft), as well as Lalveri, Latsga and others.

Svaneti has two parts corresponding to two inhabited valleys: Upper Svaneti (Zemo Svaneti) on the upper Inguri River; administratively part of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti; main town Mestia.

Lower Svaneti (Kvemo Svaneti) on the upper Tskhenistsqali River; administratively part of Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti; main town Lentekhi

Svanetia is known for its architectural treasuresand picturesque landscapes. The botany of Svanetia is legendary among travelers. The famous Svanetian tower houses, erected mainly in the 9th-12th centuries, make the region’s villages more attractive. With a high quantity of these unique houses and exceptional preservation of a medieval rural village, the community of Ushguli in Upper Svaneti was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.

Svan songs and dances are notable cultural traditions. Svanetia boasts arguably the most archaic three-part polyphonic singing. Most of their songs are connected to round dances, are performed very loudly and are full of dissonant chords.[6]

Svaneti is a mountainous region in the North-West of the Republic Of Georgia. Mestia is the main tourist hub and a good jumping off point to explore the region – skiing, hiking, UNESCO heritage and more. Mestia restaurants are the best option for finding the most diverse selection of food which spans not just the traditional food of Svaneti but also other Georgian classics from other regions of the country.

Svaneti Cuisine: What To Eat In Mestia / Ushguli PLUS Mestia Restaurants – where to eat in Mestia. Svanetian food is hearty, carbohydrate heavy dishes, perfect to keep you fueled up during the harsh cold mountain winters. And finally, try outstanding Svan dishes, such as Kubdari and Kupati seasoned with unique Svan salt, the cheesy Mchadi called Chishvdari, Svan khachapuri, the local bread, honey, and the once-distilled Svan vodka called rakhi. You will understand that one lifetime is not enough to know Svaneti.

This beautiful region of Georgia includes three amazing areas of the country – Racha, Lechkhumi, and Kvemo Svaneti. This region, within the valleys of the Rioni, Tskhenistskali, and Lajanuri rivers, borders Imereti Region, Java Municipality of Samachablo (so-called South Ossetia), and the Samegrelo – Zemo Svaneti Region. It is hugged by the mountains from the north, some of them are more than 4000 meters above sea level.

There are four municipalities within Racha-Lechkhumi – Kvemo Svaneti: Ambrolauri (lower Racha), Oni (upper Racha), Tsageri (Lechkhumi), and Lentekhi (Kvemo Svaneti). The three cities of the region are the administrative center of the region, Ambrolauri, as well as Oni and Tsageri, and the two towns are Lentekhi and Kharistvala. This region is distinguished for its unique history and architectural monuments, with diverse nature, peaks, caves, rivers, waterfalls, and lakes.

The History of Racha-Lechkhumi – Kvemo Svaneti

Tsageri is a home to legendary Khvamli Mountain, known as the place where Prometheus, who challenged the gods, was chained. Myths aside, the historical sources claim that the first traces of human life in Racha-Lechkhumi – Kvemo Svaneti date back to the Stone Age. Objects from the Bronze and Iron Ages have been found in the region and the copper mines discovered in Svaneti confirm the significant role that the region played in the mining and working of that ore.

The upper reaches of the Rioni River were exceptional since there was a large-scale bronze production center allowing the Svans to capitalize on it. Svaneti also played a large role in gold production, since in earlier times, this region was part of the kingdom of Colchis, and the Golden Fleece myth relates to the gold mining tradition in Svaneti.

Racha-Lechkhumi – Kvemo Svaneti was well-protected by natural conditions and by fortresses, and kings and noble families fleeing from their enemies often took shelter in them. Tsageri was often also called the kingdom’s treasury.

The unique nature of Racha-Lechkhumi – Kvemo Svaneti includes its high, middle, and low mountain ranges, caves, rivers, waterfalls, and lakes. All this makes it a place of unforgettable adventure for active sports enthusiasts. However, Khvamli Mountain, associated with Prometheus, leaves a mystical impression on many travelers.

Khvamli Mountain stands in Lechkhumi, within Tsageri and Tskaltubo Municipalities. According to ancient sources, it was on Khvamli, also known as Khomli, that Zeus ordered Prometheus to be chained, and where Heracles came to release him. It was also a place where the Greek Argonauts traveled. According to Georgian legends, Khvamli hides a great secret. It is not known whether it is a treasure or something else.

The calling card of the region is the Shaori and Lajana Reservoirs. The Nikortsminda and Skhvava karst caves, Rachkha, Chkumi and Love (Sikvaruli) Waterfalls, Kulbaki, Udziro, and Sasvano Lakes are also very impressive sites.

Hiking on the Buba and Kirtishi Glaciers or the Chiora and Khikhata Mountains is a great chance to explore the region’s great outdoors. Visit the Sairme Pillars and Askhivi Massif for spectacular views of the area.

Racha-Lechkhumi – Kvemo Svaneti is one of the best places in Georgia for people who love mountain vacations. There are numerous therapeutic mineral waters and balneological and climatic resorts including Shovi, Utsera, Lashichala, Bugeuli and more.

Unique Wines and Cuisine

There are 525 species of grapevines spread throughout Georgia, many of which are grown on the slopes of Racha-Lechkhumi – Kvemo Svaneti. Aleksandrouli, Rachuli Mtsvane, Rachuli Tetra, Mujuretuli, Usakhelouri, Orbeluri Ojaleshi, Tsolikouri and other local wines are distinguished by their rich flavors.

Khvanchkara, a red cuvée of Aleksandrouli and Mujuretuli from lower Racha enjoys great popularity within Georgia and around the world.

White semi-sweet Tvishi, made from Tsolikouri grapes grown in a small area of Lechkhumi, also deserves attention. Make sure to try one of the most rare and expensive Georgian wines coming from Lechkhumi, Usakhelouri.

In addition to the wines of Racha-Lechkhumi, try these examples of the rich local cuisine: cheese fondue khavitsi, local ham – Rachuli lori, bean pie lobiani, cornbread with dips – tskaldaskhmula, and exceptional Svan dishes including kubdari, which is a delectable filled pastry with prepared spiced meat placed within dough; chvishtari, a mixture of baked corn flour and stretchy cheese; and tashmijabi, made with potatoes and cheese.

For those looking to escape the hustle and bustle of city life and enjoy some time relaxing amidst nature’s splendour, Ajara has plenty of options. In the villages of Gonio, Kvariati, and Sarpi, you can enjoy stunning views of both the mountains and the sea, swim in crystal clear waters, work on your tan, and get your head straight from the comfort of a beachfront bungalow.

In Kobuleti Municipality, you’ll also find cascading waterfalls, shimmering lakes, and unspoiled nature preserves just waiting to be explored.

The seaside resorts of Kobuleti, Bobokvati, Chakvi, and Tsikhisdziri are especially popular.

Adjara has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic Period and became a centre for metallurgy during the Bronze Age. As a result, Adjara is known for its ancient and medieval monuments, including stone bridges built over the many rivers that crisscross the region. Among the most notable of these are Gonio Fortress, Petra Fortress, the 10th-12th-century fortress of Khikhani, and Skhalta Monastery.

The Mtskheta-Mtianeti region is one of the most beautiful parts of Georgia. At the very heart of Georgia, this region is an all-season tourist attraction, with popular summer and winter destinations including the historic town of Mtskheta, the alpine resort Gudauri, the proud peak of Kazbegi (Mkinvartsveri) Mountain, Truso and Dariali Gorges, as well as the Pshav-Khevsureti and Kazbegi National Parks. Some of Georgia’s most important historic, cultural, and natural monuments can be found within this region. Split in two by the Caucasus Mountains, the region is connected by the breathtaking Jvari Pass, and includes the municipalities of Mtskheta, Dusheti, Tianeti, and Kazbegi.

The administrative center of the region and Georgia’s oldest capital, Mtskheta is now considered a city museum. Settlements both in and around Mtskheta date back to the ancient past, and it was in Mtskheta that Georgia became a Christian nation at the beginning of the 4th century CE. The first Orthodox church was built here, and a number of local landmarks – Jvari Monastery, Samtavro Monastery, and Svetitskhoveli Church – are on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The largest municipality in the region, Dusheti is home to many unique historical monuments such as the 16th – 18th-century Ananuri Fortress Complex, Bodorna Church, and Mchadijvari Church.  The Dusheti Historical Museum also preserves the rich cultural artifacts of this region.

In addition to its historic significance, Dusheti is also home to the beautiful Abudelauri and Bazaleti Lakes; the four Aragvi Rivers – the Mtiuleti (White) Aragvi, the Gudamakari (Black) Aragvi, the Khevsureti Aragvi, and the Pshavi Aragvi; the Pshav-Khevsureti National Park, with fabulous landscapes and natural formations such as the Roshka Rocks and Tanie Lake; and villages with a cultural heritage dating back to the Middle Ages – Shatili, Mutso, Ardoti, Khakhabo, and more.

The Iori River flows through Tianeti, feeding Sioni Reservoir – a popular summer getaway for Georgians from all walks of life.

Visitors can learn more about the history of Tianeti with a visit to the Tianeti Local Museum, where artifacts from the Bronze Age through until the late Middle Ages are on display. A particularly significant monument in the region is the ancient Bochorma Fortress Complex, whose construction date is unknown, but is estimated to have been built no later than the 10th century.

The journey from Tbilisi to Tianeti is a remarkable one, as your drive will take you through the picturesque Sabaduri Forest. The forest is especially beautiful in snowy winter months when you’ll pass through tunnels of snow frozen to the branches of trees. It’s absolutely magical.

After Tbilisi and Batumi, Kazbegi is one of Georgia’s most popular tourist destinations. Set high in the mountainous region in the nation’s north, Kazbegi’s breathtaking landscape, abundant rivers and lakes, and quaint villages make it a charming destination.

Kazbegi is most famous for its picturesque surroundings. The snow-capped Caucasus Mountains, the severe beauty of the “Northern Gateway” of Dariali Gorge, the lovely valleys of Truso, Arkhmo, and Khada, and an abundance of rivers, lakes, streams, and waterfalls all make this one of the most photo-friendly places you’ll ever see.

Notable tourist attractions in Kazbegi include the mountain village of Stepantsminda, the quaint village of Sno, and Juta, one of the highest-altitude settlements in Georgia (Caucasus). In winter, the country’s premier ski resort Gudauri, is also a popular destination.

Kazbegi is also home to upwards of fifty historical monuments, including churches and caves. The region’s main place of worship is the picture-perfect 14th-century Gergeti Trinity Church, the beauty of which is only enhanced by the glorious Kazbegi Mountain (5054m) that watches over it.

Samtskhe-Javakheti is an administrative region made of two historical provinces of Samtskhe and Javakheti. There are two ways to get there from Tbilisi, depending on which region you are going to. If you intend to go to Borjomi (Samtskhe), traveling through the cities of Gori and Khashuri along the Western Highway is the best option. If your destination is Vardzia, Ninotsminda, Akhalkalaki, or Akhaltsikhe, then the Southern Highway via Paravani Lake is the way to go.

The main attraction of this region is its natural beauty. The local resorts, both mountain, climatic and balneological, work in all four seasons and are popular year round. The village of Bakuriani, is the best place in the region for both skiing and mountain sports, but it is also an ideal location for a relaxing vacation. Here, you’ll find ski runs of various difficulties, modern ski lifts, an international-level bike park, and a mixture of mid-range and high-class accommodation option.

One of Georgia’s most well-known mineral waters has its roots in Borjomi. If you’ve ever dined in a Georgian restaurant, we’re sure you already know the name!

The town of Borjomi is enchanting. Set among mountains covered in pine forests, on both sides of the Mtkvari River, it is a quaint mountain town out of romantic fiction.

In the picturesque Borjomi Central Park you can not only drink mineral water straight from a spring, but also find a variety of dining options, amusements, and quiet corners in which to relax.

The resort Likani is here too, which, due to its therapeutic climate, was the summer residence of the Russian emperors in the 19th century.

This resort, at 1,340 meters above sea level, is the best place for treating multiple health conditions due to its air, climate, and sulfur-rich waters.

There is also an astronomical observatory in Abastumani, and the sky is clear for a majority of the year. The skies have been observed from this location for more than 80 years, and if you too wish to see the sky with your own eyes, there is a telescope for tourists in Abastumani.

There are many historical monuments in Samtskhe-Javakheti. Once you are in the region, try to visit at the least the main ones!

South of Borjomi, there is a beautiful road cutting through deep valleys that will take you to Akhaltsikhe. This city is famous for its core Rabati District and the ancient fortress-city, where, centuries ago, there was a church, a mosque, and a synagogue side-by-side in one small area. This unity best conveys the history of Akhaltsikhe, as well as its current character.

Vardzia is a city and monastery carved into a cliffside, which is associated with the reign of Queen Tamar and Georgia’s Golden Age. In this medieval stronghold, you’ll find hundreds of cave dwellings, fifteen churches, wine cellars, bakeries, apothecaries, and even secret tunnels.

Khertvisi Fortress is a 10th-century complex located in the village of Khertvisi. This monument, along with Vardzia, has been on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites since 2007, and it’s truly impressive!

Kakheti is the Chakrulo song that was sent into space as a message from Earth; Kakheti is the ancient monasteries that protected the important treasures; Kakheti is the Qvevri, an ancient winemaking vessel where aromatic, flavourful Georgian wine is born. Kakheti is the Alazani Valley and steep mountain passes, evergreen forests and arid steppes, densely populated villages and small, historical cities. How could you ever run out of reasons to visit Kakheti!

Kakheti is a region of Georgia that shares borders with both the Russian Federation to the north and Azerbaijan to the east and the south.

People have lived in this area since the Stone Age, and this is evident in the abundance of historical monuments that dot the landscape, many of which were educational centres in the past. One notable example of this is the Davitgareji Monastery Complex, which stretches across twenty-five kilometers and is famed for both its architecture and its art. There is a collection of ecclesiastical architecture in Kakheti, with such amazing representatives as Alaverdi, Ikalto, Shuamta, Bodbe, Nekresi and other churches.

For travelers who are interested in history, there are numerous museums in the region where ancient objects and ethnographic materials discovered during archaeological excavations are kept.

Kakheti is the birthplace of many outstanding Georgians, including kings, artists, writers, and public figures, so there are many house-museums here to honour those people and help visitors who are interested in Georgia get to know them better.

These include the palace of King Erekle (Heraclius) II in Telavi; the museums of Ilia Chavchavadze and Kote Marjanishvili in Kvareli, and in Mirzaani,  the house-museum of Niko Pirosmanashvili.

In addition to its fascinating history, Kakheti is also Georgia’s premiere winegrowing region. Due to the fertile soil and the abundance of sun, winemaking is a Kakhetian farmer’s primary business. The most popular varieties are Kakhuri Mtsvane, Saperavi, Rkatsiteli, and Khikhvi.

In addition to producing the best wines, Kakhetians are also famous for the quality of their food. Notable local dishes include mtsvadi, chakapuli, and khashlama, and for dessert they will have you try churchkhela and tatara made from grape juice.

Kakhetian folk songs are so powerful and epic that they make enemies retreat. Of course they are – nobody in Kakheti can even remember a full twenty-year period of peace in the past. 

The Kakheti region is full of deep rivers and lakes. Some interesting places to hike are Black Rocks Lake, Rocho Waterfall, Artsivi Gorge, and the Alazani River Valley.

The Lagodekhi Protected Areas, which are the oldest protected areas in Georgia, will share a glorious wilderness with you. Many species of plants and animals here are rare and considered endangered in Georgia and internationally. Within the park, you’ll also find Machi Fortress, on the border of Georgia (Europe) and Azerbaijan, with a unique history and location.

Furthermore, when you are in Kakheti you absolutely must visit Vashlovani National Park and Kilakupra Mud Volcanoes, where you’ll feel as if you’ve somehow journeyed to another planet!

Kakheti really does have it all: history, breathtaking natural beauty, amazing food and wine, and the trademark Georgian hospitality.

Tbilisi is like polyphonic music. Words cannot adequately describe it. You have to experience it for yourself: evaluating its harmonies, savouring its complexity, and soaking in its history as you uncover your own personal relationship with the city.

One of Europe’s oldest capitals, Tbilisi has been the cultural, political, and economic center of Georgia (Country) for fifteen centuries. At the heart of the city lies historic Old Tbilisi, which was built during the early Middle Ages. This two square kilometre section of the city is a must-see for any visitor to Tbilisi, as it houses some of the city’s most iconic sites.

The main attraction of Old Tbilisi is the colourful domed 17th-century baths. Fed by naturally hot sulfur water, legends say that it was these very waters that convinced King Vakhtang Gorgasali to found the city. As you soak in the very same waters and stare up at the decorative tiles of the domed baths, you’ll begin to understand why they might move a man to found an entire city in their name!

Tbilisi’s cosmopolitan nature is epitomized by the religious diversity that can be found within the city. As you wander the cobblestone streets and laneways of Old Tbilisi, you’ll see Georgian Orthodox churches, Armenian churches, Catholic churches, a mosque, and two synagogues.

Any Tbilisi bucket list is likely to feature a visit to the noble Metekhi Temple that sits high above the city on a cliff. A statue of the temple’s builder and the founder of Tbilisi, Vakhtang Gorgasali, stands in the temple courtyard. If you, like the king himself, look out from this courtyard, you’ll see the whole of Old Tbilisi sitting before you. It is one of the city’s most breathtaking views.

“Metekhi Church, a 13th century Georgian Orthodox Church with a white stone exterior and a distinctive conical dome, located in the historic district of Tbilisi, Georgia.”

There are plenty of places in Tbilisi where you can take in a view of the entire city. The highest point, however, is Mtatsminda. Amidst the verdancy of Mtatsminda Park, you will find restaurants and cafes, amusement park rides, and plenty of secluded corners in which to rest and relax. Accessible on foot, by car, or by the popular funicular that connects the mountain to the city, it is a popular playground for locals and visitors alike.

As you wander the old streets, you’ll see a style known as Tbilisi Modern, recognisable by buildings decked with facades and painted entrance halls, each of which is ready to tell its own emotional story.

Tbilisi, and Georgia in general, is a paradise for foodies. Here, cooking is an art form. Thanks to the country’s geographical position between Europe and Asia, Georgian cuisine has evolved into a unique and tantalizing mixture of exquisite flavors the likes of which you cannot find anywhere else on earth.

Throughout Tbilisi you’ll find restaurants, cafes, and bars with a dizzying selection of both local and foreign foods, Georgia’s famous wine, and a dynamic nightlife.

The main thoroughfare of the city is the 1.5-kilometer-long Rustaveli Avenue. Along this street, you’ll find many historic buildings such as the Parliament of Georgia, the Opera House, the National Gallery, Rustaveli Theater, the Modern Art Museum, the National Library, and Kashveti Church. You’ll also find a variety of stores, cafes, and tree-lined squares along its length. There is something for everyone on Rustaveli Avenue.

Multiple buildings and monuments vie for the honor of being the symbol of Tbilisi. There is Sameba Cathedral, the monumental statues of Kartlis Deda (Mother of Georgia), King Vakhtang Gorgasali, and Saint George, imposing Narikala Fortress, the modern Bridge of Peace over the Mtkvari River, the Hall of Justice, and the President’s Palace.

However, Tbilisi is not all about monuments. There are smaller, no less enchanting discoveries to make. For example, in the square outside of Gabriadze’s Marionette Theatre, where the aroma of coffee constantly lingers, you’ll see an amazing puppet presentation called The Circle of Life each day at 12:00 and 19:00. It is sure to delight every traveler.

Of course, Tbilisi is also a modern, dynamic city. In the newer areas of the city, you will find universities, business centers, malls, entertainment complexes, restaurants, and nightclubs. While very much a city steeped in its rich history, Tbilisi is also a lively, dynamic place in which people gather to eat, drink, dance, and embrace the unique blend of history and 21st-century amenities that exists here.

This historical region of Kvemo Kartli, located just south of Tbilisi, is renowned as a must-visit in Georgia. Many centuries ago, even before the Christianization of the country, Kartvelian tribes inhabited the region. They experienced many ups and downs: peaceful and prosperous times, as well as periods of constant invasions during the 13th century that completely depopulated the region. Later, this area also witnessed the attacks of Timur and an epidemic of the Black Death. Today the Kvemo Kartli region comprises several municipalities including Bolnisi, Gardabani, Dmanisi, Tetritskaro, Marneuli, Tsalka while bordering the republics of Azerbaijan and Armenia to the south. The population, besides ethnic Georgians, consists of Armenians, Azeris, Abkhazians, Ossetians, Russians, Greeks, Ukrainians, and Kurds.

Kvemo Kartli is full of historic and cultural sites. The Dmanisi Settlement is especially interesting for history buffs. Bone fragments of 1.8-million-years-old hominids were found here, which added another link in the chain of human migration from Africa. On the way from Africa to Europe, the primeval humans (Homo erectus) settled on the territory of modern Georgia, and that is the reason to say that the first Europeans actually came from here.

Dmanisi and nearby Orozmani sites are still objects of research by the world’s scientists to this day.

Another interesting settlement from thousands of years ago is Samshvilde Fortress City, where the remains of military and religious buildings have been found.

In the Algeti River Valley, you find the ancient Birtvisi Fortress, a fortified structure atop a rocky, spired mountain, which was, at one time, considered impregnable. Besides it, the Kldekari Fortress and Khuluti Fortress are unique examples of medieval Georgian architecture.

The history of the German settlements in Kvemo Kartli has started from 1817, once the first colonists arrived in Georgia from Swabia. The majority of them settled in Kvemo Kartli and lived there for decades. The largest German settlement was Katarinenfeld, which is now Bolnisi. Still standing now are houses that were built using the German Fachwerk style.

Kvemo Kartli also has many churches and monasteries. The Bolnisi Sioni is quite a site as it’s one of the first basilicas in Georgia, dating back to the 5th century, where ancient Georgian inscriptions and a depiction of a Bolnisi Cross are preserved. Other outstanding sites include the Pitareti, Gudarekhi, Martkopi, Tserakvi and Manglisi Sioni monasteries.

For art and history lovers, visit the museums of local lore in Rustavi, Tetritskaro, Gardabani, as well as truly brilliant Bolnisi Museum and Dmanisi Archaeological Museum. Don’t skip the house museum of Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani in Tandzia Village, honoring the 17th-century writer, educator, and one of the first Georgian diplomats.

Kvemo Kartli is also rich in natural monuments, with most located in Algeti National Park. You can also plan walking tours, hiking tours, or horseback rides on the eco-tourism routes that lead to several beautiful natural sites such as the Gardabani Managed Reserve, the colorful Mravaltskaro Desert, the Samshvilde Canyon, and more.

One amazing natural masterpiece is the Dashbashi Canyon, which is nestled in greenery and attracts numerous visitors with its beauty and charm. In addition, the Arjevani and Gomeri mountains are must-sees during any season.

And that is not all! From colorful waterfalls, captivating canyons, alpine meadows, polychromatic deserts, and beautiful lakes, Kvemo Kartli has numerous breathtaking natural wonders. Don’t miss the Algeti, Jandari, Pantiani, Kumisi, Tamarisi, and Bareti lakes as well. If you like fishing and watching migratory birds, then Kvemo Kartli should be a part of your journey to discover the best this region has to offer.

Shida Kartil is a historical and geographical region of Georgia, located in eastern Georgia, in the centre of Kartli. It used to be known as Zena Sopeli, and has some of Georgia’s most significant historic sites, some of which date back to the Paleolithic Era!

The border of Shida Kartli follows the Caucasus, Likhi, Trialeti, and Kharuli mountain ranges and the Ksani River.  Its lowest point is at 800 meters above sea level, while the highest point reaches up to 2,200 meters. Shida Kartli enjoys a continental climate and its central part of Georgia.

The Major Cities of Shida Kartli

The administrative center of Shida Kartli is the city of Gori, located 76 kilometers from Tbilisi. Other important cities include Kaspi, Kareli, and Khashuri, as well as temporarily occupied by Russia – Tskhinvali and Java. Each administrative center and its associated villages (including Surami, Agara, and 366 villages) boasts its own unique blend of beautiful landscapes, rich history, and important cultural monuments.

Historical and Cultural Importance

Shida Kartli’s human history begins in the Paleolithic Era, and the region was already intensely populated by the Bronze Age. The Mtkvar-Araxes culture came to be during this time period.

The rudiments of administrative units appears during the Iron Age, the Khevis, and the first state formed during Antiquity. The state of Zena Sopeli, whose capital was Uplistsikhe, was the first true state to exist in the region.

In the 4th to 3rd centuries BCE, after the unification of Iberia (Kartli), Shida Kartli was organized as a fiefdom, and then became a military unit called a Saspaspeto.

Shida Kartli was the economic and cultural center of life during the unified monarchy of Georgia in the reign of David the Builder. After Samtskhe Principality was conquered by the Ottomans in the 17th century, it was separated from the kingdom of Kartli for a long time.

Shida Kartli is extremely significant for both Georgian and European history. Its fascinating history, medieval architecture, and highly artistic monuments make it a must-see for historians and history enthusiasts.

One particularly amazing sight to see is Uplistsikhe, the Bronze Age city carved into a cliff, and one of the oldest settlements in the Caucasus. There are also the region’s clifftop fortresses – Gori and Surami Citadels – whose foundations were built before the common era, as well as Grakliani Hill, which tells a history of human habitation since the Paleolithic Era.

Other notable monuments of Georgian architecture and monumental painting include the churches of Ateni Sioni, Samtavro, and Ruisi; the monasteries of Kintsvisi and Kvatakhevi, and more than 100 other important monuments.

Shida Kartli is a place of extended mountain ranges, diverse forests, massive fields, beautiful waterfalls, and shimmering lakes. Liakhvi Strict Nature Reserve, Dzama and Ateni Valleys, Bateti and Nadarbazevi Lakes, Damchkera and Biisi Waterfalls, and Jamjama Mountain are all places for unforgettable adventures and relaxation, while the resorts – Surami, Kvishkheti, and Garikula – are able to treat a large number of diseases with their unique climates and mineral waters.

The cuisine of Kartli is rich in both fish and meat dishes, as well as vegetarian food. On the road to Surami you can try the delicious, fragrant sweet bread Nazuki.

Along with Chakapuli, you can try Pkhaleuli, sorrel, buttermilk, and cornel soups, which pair very well with Kartli wines, such as Goruli Mtsvane, Shavkapito, Chinuri, and Tavkveri.

Kartli songs, like Namgluri, the harvest song, Makruli, and others, add a special charm to all of this.